Olan McEvoy
Research expert covering the European Union for society, economy, and politics.
Get in touch with us nowThe Netherlands is by far the largest exporter of raw materials within the European Union, having a surplus of over 15 billion Euros in 2023. At the opposite end, Italy and Germany are the bloc's largest importers of raw materials, with Germany's intra-EU imports of raw materials notably growing in 2022, due to import substitution required by the country's sudden embargo of Russian energy imports in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
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